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Cohabitating: Financial Reward Different for College Graduates
Just because two people live together doesn’t necessarily mean they will have a higher household income. The Pew Research Center recently analyzed U.S. Census Bureau data and found that there are 7.5 million couples, in the 30-44 age range, that are cohabitating. This analysis indicated that an economic advantage was obtained for those that were college-educated and cohabiting but there wasn’t the same advantage for married couples or those without an opposite-sex cohabitant.
Pew analyzed their economic well-being and that data was reported in USAToday: “Median adjusted household incomes of college-educated couples were $106,400 for cohabitors, $101,160 for married couples and $90,067 for adults with no opposite-sex partners. But for less-educated couples, cohabiting is an arrangement that looks a lot like marriage and may well include kids: Incomes were $46,540 for cohabiters, $56,800 for married couples and $45,033 for adults without opposite-sex partners.”
To read the USAToday article, click here.
Who’s living together?
Partnership status by education
All:
Married, 58%
Cohabitor, 7%
No partner, 35%Not a college graduate:
Married, 54%
Cohabitor, 8%
No partner, 38%College graduate:
Married, 68%
Cohabitors, 4%
No partner, 28%Notes: Based on 30- to 44-year-olds. “No partner” includes those living without an opposite-sex partner or spouse.
Source: 2009 American Community Survey, Pew Research Center
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New Study Shows Young Adults Find Power in Debt: Lack of Education to Blame
In recent research published in the journal Social Science Research, the data showed that young adults aged 18-27 actually felt empowered by having debt. They felt that it increased their self-esteem and made them feel in control of their lives. Because they were able to attain goals of buying things, they perceived this as a good thing.
ScienceDaily reported, “The study involved 3,079 young adults who participated in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 — Young Adults sample. The NLSY interviews the same nationally representative group of Americans every two years. It is conducted by Ohio State’s Center for Human Resource Research on behalf of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.”
The young adults who had less money to begin with, felt more empowered by this new found ability to purchase things. “Results showed that those in the bottom 25 percent in total family income got the largest boost from holding debt — the more debt they held, both education and credit card, the bigger the positive impact on their self-esteem and mastery.”
The study found that as young adults became older, they had a more realistic idea of what this debt was doing to their lives. By age 28-34, the stress caused by the debt was starting to be felt.
The results of this study back up what has been called a movement toward an instant gratification society. The Arizona Republic reported, “Many young adults might feel good about incurring debt because it lets them purchase desired items without having to delay gratification. They are happy they can actually get credit and feel more like adults now. . .But they don’t actually understand what that entails.”
Eventually the bills start piling up and these young adults will have to face the consequences of paying off what they have charged.
How did this generation get to this point? Lack of education may be to blame. Here is a reprint of an article I wrote several years ago that addressed this problem:
Lack of Education to Blame for Financial Crisis
The current financial crisis is entirely our fault. We are a nation of financially-ignorant people doing crazy things like buying a $450,000 home on a $40,000 a year salary with a 120% loan. How in the world did we think that this was OK? What are we doing to be sure that this won’t happen again? People are sick of reading about bad news and the economy. They’d rather just put their heads in the sand and hope Obama is here to save the day. Well I’m here to tell you, if we don’t change the way we teach personal finance to the youth in our country, we will have learned nothing from this economic disaster and future generations are doomed to repeat our mistakes.
FROM AN EDUCATOR’S PERSPECTIVE
Having taught college business students for many years, I am horrified by the lack of personal finance training our youth receives. Should it be up to the young adult to learn this on their own? There are a lot of books on personal finance out there. If you hang out at a bookstore and watch the type of people who are reading them, however, you will notice it is not the young generation purchasing them. It is usually the 30 and older crowd that has now found themselves in financial straits and want to know how to get out of it. The younger generation doesn’t realize that they need this knowledge yet. Their parents probably never taught them because they probably have a limited understanding of personal finance themselves. How can we expect parents to teach children something they never learned in the first place?
Shouldn’t personal finance be something we learn in high school and college to prepare us for our financial futures? Arizona State University’s W.P. Carey School of Business has a good reputation. I use that as an example because that is where I received my BS in Business. Business Week lists ASU in its 2007 rankings as 66th out of the top 100 business schools. I am not trying to pick on ASU because it is a wonderful school. However, last semester they offered only one course that addressed personal finance and retirement planning. Only three sections of this course were even offered. For one of the largest business schools in the US, there was not much of a focus on educating our youth to be financially savvy. ASU only required that business minors take this course.
I recently ordered the textbook that ASU uses for this course. I love to read all I can read about personal finance; I realize that I am not typical in that regard. However, even with my keen interest in the subject, just looking through this text, I was so bored! If I see the words “net present value of money” . . . even I want to run. I just don’t think that it teaches the types of things young people need to know in a way that would spark their interest. This text is busy with charts, pictures, numbers and balance sheets. A young adult that isn’t savvy in math might get immediately turned off by that. To be fair, this course is offered to business majors who are probably decent in math. However, what about the rest of the students who are not? Why are we only teaching personal finance to business majors? Granted, it is a class that is open to everyone, but it is not required. To me, this text would be a “next level” type of teaching tool for those who understand the basics already. Unfortunately if ASU is typical of what other schools offer, they are missing the boat of what it takes to reach the average student.
Even if some form of money management is taught before college, part of the problem stems with allowing kids to be able to advance through school without passing tests to prove their personal finance knowledge. Dr. Danielle Babb, author, entrepreneur and professor who appears frequently on national television and radio claims, “Kids shouldn’t be allowed to move on if they haven’t mastered the basics.” Unfortunately many are learning about finance the hard way. Right now that may be through watching the collapse of the current economy. As Dr. Babb pointed out, “Right now an entire generation is learning about markets; that they don’t just go up – they can go down, too.”
Paula Zobisch, Ph.D., a well-respected professor who teaches business at ten online universities, agreed that this issue needs to be addressed. When asked how she felt about the personal finance education that our youth is receiving she responded, “Sure, let us lean on the high educational institutions to teach financial management, but let us not also forget high school. And even more importantly, let us remember parents who could teach financial management by giving younger children an allowance and then guiding the management of that allowance. Financial management begins long before college.”
Fox News (2009) reported 48% of high school seniors correctly answered finance and economics questions.
This is not to say that more colleges and universities aren’t realizing the importance of teaching personal finance. In fact, universities such as Lynn University, University of Cincinnati, Kent State, Fairfield University, Scripps College and Texas State all are among the colleges offering courses in personal finance and money-management. However, some universities have had some convenient relationships with credit card companies which seem at odds with teaching fiscal responsibility.
New York Times recently featured a story about how colleges profit from marketing credit cards to their students. Michigan State University came under fire as it was noted that they allowed Bank of America to offer advertising items to their students to sign up for banking and credit services. In fact, according that the New York Times (2008) “Bank America’s relationship with the university extends well beyond marketing at sports events. The bank has $8.4 million, seven-year contract with Michigan State giving it access to the students’ names and addresses and use of the university’s logo. The more students who take the banks’ credit cards, the more money the university gets. Under certain circumstances, Michigan State even stands to receive more money if students carry a balance on these cards.”
If we step back to look at our children’s personal finance education even before college, it is interesting to check out the National Standards (2007) in K-12 personal finance education. The standards define financial literacy as “the ability to use knowledge and skills to manage one’s financial resources effectively for life time financial security”. The standards include areas such as financial responsibility, planning and money management, credit card and debt, as well as saving and investing. Some of the 12th grade goals include having the ability to “analyze how economic, social-cultural, and political conditions can affect income and career potential” as well as “explain the effect on take-home pay of changing the allowances claimed on an employee’s withholding allowance certificate (IRS form W-4). What they don’t really cover is how much time they are devoting to these topics.
The National Standards are created by the JumpStart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy in Washington, DC.
There are educators and organizations set up that are trying to do something about educating our youth. The DuPont Fund is one of these organizations. In 2008 this organization created a presentation to increase awareness of the lack of financial literacy. In that program, the author addressed the areas that required attention. “There are three parts to a successful financial literacy education program. (1) Quality Financial Education Products (2) Qualified and Trained Financial Educators (3) Evaluation Program in Place to Measure Results” (Lindfield, 2009). If we do not have quality financial education products, then we are limiting the educators’ ability to reach this group of students.
FROM A YOUTH’S PERSPECTIVE
Having two grown daughters and after teaching for 6 different universities online, I personally have not found too many students who can meet many of the required standards. If we have set guidelines for what seems to be admirable goals in educating our youth, why haven’t the graduating high school and college seniors learned these important lessons? There are several reasons. These schools may only be devoting a small amount of time to very important topics. It is also quite possible that personal finance is the last thing on their minds while attending school. They can’t even relate to it yet. Lastly, when and if they actually do receive personal finance training, it is usually in a format that is hard for them to digest.
Many financial websites like Charles Schwab’s have some interesting statistics on how our youth view the importance of personal finance training. “Among the ideas tested, young people believe providing incentives for states to mandate financial education in schools is the most important step the Obama Administration can take to improve financial literacy.” (Schwab, 2009). In fact, studies are showing that facing future demands without a financial education is a source of serious concern for young adults. “Seven in 10 (71%) are “very concerned” about the country’s economic future. More than half (53%) are “very concerned” about their personal financial future” (Schwab, 2009).
The US Census Bureau (2009) predicts there will be 18.4 million college students this fall.
Part of the problem with educating our youth about personal finance is that books on the subject are written in an unfriendly or boring manner. Even the books that are aimed at a young audience can be in question and answer format or simply read like text books. When something is so far-removed from what they deal with on a daily basis as personal finance is in those early years, it must be taught in a way that allows young people to picture themselves in situations that they could relate to. It’s critical to sell them on the idea of the importance of understanding personal finance.
Having been in sales for over 25 years, I learned many tricks for things to do to “sell my point” so that customers would want my solution. When I was in pharmaceutical sales, part of my sales training was to paint a picture in the doctor’s mind. If our youth is taught personal finance through picture painting or storytelling, perhaps they will learn more. Techniques like placing images in their heads are important for the person to get the point you are trying to get across. If I told the doctor to prescribe my drugs because they were good, I got nowhere (this is what the traditional personal finance book does). If I told them that their patient would be calling them at midnight complaining about migraines or inability to breathe if he didn’t prescribe my drugs, then he had a picture and more reason to do it because he didn’t want to be disturbed in the middle of the night. We need to paint the picture of why personal finance is important in students’ minds.
It is important to get the message of personal finance responsibility in front of the next generation so that they don’t end up the way previous generations are now, having to file bankruptcy or losing their homes. By targeting our high school and college students with education that delivers the message in a picture-painted storytelling format to explain the importance of personal finance, perhaps the next generation will avoid the tragedies that we are all dealing with now. To do this, we need to focus on creating educational materials that are delivering the message in a way that allows us to meet the standards that we have set for our youth.
FROM A POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE
Every day there is another article or news story about families facing foreclosures or bankruptcy. According to Realty Trac there were more than 3.1 million foreclosures filed in 2008. Even if people were able to keep their homes, suddenly they are upside down, owing more than it is worth. We have over 3.5 million homeless people in the US. If we are fortunate enough to still have a job . . . that may be all we have. Those of us who had our retirement savings in a 401k are now wondering what we will do when we retire. As we watch our life savings dwindle away with the falling stock market, shouldn’t we be thinking about how we got here and how we could have avoided this in the first place?
RealtyTrac (2009) data shows a steep include in foreclosure activity.
There are foundations and coalitions that focus their attention on such issues. The New America Foundation addresses challenges facing future generations. Their site has had articles addressing the importance of utilizing what we have learned throughout this crisis to teach our youth. “Such moments of financial trouble are teachable opportunities for children and youth to learn about personal finance, and to improve their own money management skills. However, comprehensive strategies for educating children and youth about personal finance so that they can successfully navigate a complex financial market place have not yet emerged.” (Lopez-Fernandini & Murrell, 2008).
The problem is that changing the education system is no easy task. Proposals must be made. Money must be spent. I recently sent a letter to Arne Duncan with the U. S. Department of Education, explaining my concern about the current lack of personal finance education for our youth. I explained I would like to propose a solution. What did I get back? I received a form letter commending my interest in education but politely stating that I should check out the Excellence in Economic Education (EEC, 2009) program already in place. At the site, you can download current information about national programs currently in place. According to the EEC, there was $1,447,267 worth of appropriations available for 2008 allotted to personal finance education. Making grants available is a good start. But what about addressing the problems in the school’s curriculum?
Obviously the current programs are not working. If we are not open to looking at alternative solutions to our current lack of education our children are receiving, aren’t we doomed to repeat our past mistakes? I realize the government has its hands full with the current crisis. However, our government may need to learn from its past mistakes. Isn’t the definition of insanity doing the same thing over and over and expecting a different result? By not addressing the problems within our educational system, we are doomed to repeat our past mistakes.
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Where Your College Tuition is Spent
Many people are going back to school to further their education in the hope of being more marketable in the workplace. As tuition increases, students may be wondering where their money is being used.
Onlinecolleges.net reported 10 Telling Stats on Where Your Tuition Money Goes. It is interesting to note that the professor’s pay is not a big factor in these increases. It may be surprising how much goes to construction and renovations. Also of note is how much is being spent on entertainment. “Travel and entertainment are major expenses for universities. For example, Kansas State University spent $9 million in travel and entertainment related expenses in 2010.” For the complete list explaining where your funds are being spent, click here.
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Fear of Past Dot Com Crash: Venture Capitalists Only Interested in Consumer-Targeted Companies like Facebook or Groupon
The dot com crash has had a big impact on how venture capitalists invest in the current market. To understand why, it is important to know a little history about the impact of the Internet and why these investors are leery.
The Internet became commercially popular in the mid-1990s. By 1995, there was an estimated 18 million users on the net. This led to the creation of online businesses which led to speculation about how big these companies could grow. The problem came with how much these companies were actually worth vs. how much they were perceived to be worth.
What causes a bubble and eventual crash? When people get excited about a company stock, it can drive the price up but if it inflates to an unrealistic point where investors get wise to the fact that the company can’t be worth as much as they hoped, people bail, sell the stocks, the price drops, and the company crashes.
The pain of those dot com crashes are still felt today. Venture capitalists now may be more hesitant to invest. Tom Abate with SFGate.com said that venture capitalists in 2000 made about 8000 investments valued at $100.5 million. “In 1999 and 2000, Wall Street invested in 534 venture-backed initial public offerings.” Those, who cashed in early, made a lot of money. As large amounts of money were being put into the market and speculation was growing, the bubble was forming. NASDAQ hit its peak on March 10, 2000 at 513252, only to lose 78% of its value by October, 2002 when it dropped to 11411.
In 2001-2002 while a lot of companies were over-valued and going bankrupt, people found their stock purchases were not such a great investment. So now when Facebook and Twitter are considering going IPO it has some potential investors concerned. This is especially true in the case of Twitter that has yet to publically show their business plan.
What has the effect been on venture capitalists investing? An article in Investopedia stated, “In the year 1999, there were 457 IPOs, most of which were internet and technology related. Of those 457 IPOs, 117 doubled in price on the first day of trading. In 2001 the number of IPOs dwindled to 76, and none of them doubled on the first day of trading.” SFGate.com reported, “In 2008 and 2009, a total of just 18 venture-backed companies went public.”
Investments have picked up for the consumer-oriented companies like Facebook and Groupon. However there has been a venture squeeze for companies with business products. Wall Street Journal reported, “In the first three months of this year, venture-capital investment in consumer tech companies nearly tripled to $874 million from $310 million a year earlier. Meanwhile, investments in tech firms with business products rose at a slower rate to $2.3 billion from $1.9 billion a year earlier. The shift away from business-oriented technology start-ups has been gathering steam over the past few years. Venture investment into such companies was $11.9 billion in 2010, down 35% from $18.4 billion in 2006, according to VentureSource. The overall number of financing rounds these companies received also dropped 18% to 1,261 during that time.”
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- Shifts in the Venture Capital Market (ipo-dashboards.com)
- The New Rules of Raising Cash (online.wsj.com)
- Why Companies Are Not Going IPO: Are Skype, Twitter and Facebook Projected IPOs in 2011?
- Top 50 Venture Funds for 2011
Is Your Target Date 401k Fund Not As Safe As You Thought?
Target date funds have become a very popular way for people to invest in their 401k. Target-dated funds are mutual funds that automatically adjust the asset mix of stocks, bonds and cash usually based on the investor’s future retirement date. There are a lot of people out there that don’t want to take time to think about if they are invested in the right balance of stocks and bonds. Target date funds take care of this balancing act for them. As people get closer to retirement age, they have less time to weather the ups and downs of the stock market. Because of this, as retirement draws near, these funds have traditionally been adjusted to be in less risky investments. Bonds have often been considered less risky at times than stocks and therefore the closer the target date, the more these funds may tend to be heavily bond-loaded than stock-loaded.
Recently there has been some debate as to whether these target date funds have a hidden risk. As the market has become more volatile, some fund managers have been moving toward more bond funds. According to WSJOnline.com “Of the 45 funds with a target date of 2016 to 2020 tracked by investment-research firm Morningstar Inc., the average has about 32% in bonds and about 58% in stocks—up from 25% in bonds and 67% in equities three years ago.”
The concern is that there is debate as to the safety of these bond funds and that this move could actually cause more risk. Some experts believe that the bond market may be headed for trouble.
For an interesting discussion of how the different fund managers perceive this to be a possibility, check out the Wall Street Journal article: Hidden Risks in Target Funds